{
  "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Volvo_S90_T8_%28SPA%29_Facelift_IMG_5691.jpg",
  "generalInfo": "The Volvo S90 is Volvo's midsize executive sedan, introduced for the 2017 model year and built on the company's Scalable Product Architecture (SPA). Across its lifecycle the S90 has emphasized Scandinavian design, roomy rear seating, and a safety-focused feature set; powertrains in the 2020s have centered on four‑cylinder mild‑hybrids and a higher‑output plug‑in hybrid.\n\nBy the mid‑2020s the US S90 lineup concentrated on the B6 mild‑hybrid (around 295 hp) and the T8 plug‑in hybrid (roughly 455 hp). Typical economy and pricing for the Plus/Ultra trims sit in the low‑20s/low‑30s mpg for the B6 and in the mid‑60s MPGe for the T8 PHEV, with a model price band in the high $50k to low $70k range.",
  "priceRange": "$59,495 – $72,395 (USD)",
  "towingCapacity": "Not rated",
  "recallHistory": "3 recalls (2021–2025)",
  "imageByYear": {
    "2020": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/2020_Volvo_S90_Recharge_T8_AWD_Inscription.jpg",
    "2021": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Volvo_S90_T8_%28SPA%29_Facelift_IMG_5691.jpg"
  },
  "galleryByYear": {
    "2020": {
      "exterior": [
        "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/2020_Volvo_S90_Recharge_T8_AWD_Inscription.jpg"
      ],
      "interior": []
    },
    "2021": {
      "exterior": [
        "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/00_volvo_s90_1.jpg",
        "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/00_volvo_s90_2.jpg",
        "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Volvo_S90_T8_%28SPA%29_Facelift_IMG_5691.jpg"
      ],
      "interior": [
        "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Volvo_S90_%28SPA%29_interior.jpg"
      ]
    }
  },
  "gallery": {
    "exterior": [
      "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/2020_Volvo_S90_Recharge_T8_AWD_Inscription.jpg",
      "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/00_volvo_s90_1.jpg",
      "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/00_volvo_s90_2.jpg",
      "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Volvo_S90_T8_%28SPA%29_Facelift_IMG_5691.jpg"
    ],
    "interior": [
      "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Volvo_S90_%28SPA%29_interior.jpg"
    ]
  },
  "years": {
    "2017": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "S90 T5 FWD Momentum",
          "description": "The S90 T5 Momentum is the base gasoline model for 2017, powered by a 2.0L turbocharged inline‑4 that produces about 250 hp and 258 lb‑ft and is paired to an 8‑speed automatic; T5 models are front‑wheel drive only. The Momentum trim on launch included features such as navigation, a portrait 9‑inch touchscreen, 18‑inch wheels, power front seats with memory, dual‑zone climate control and a rearview camera. Starting MSRP at launch was listed at $47,945.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "S90 T5 FWD Momentum",
              "msrp": "$47,945",
              "difference": "Base variant (FWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo I4",
          "power": "250 hp / 258 lb-ft",
          "drive": "FWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "23/34 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Pilot Assist semi-autonomous assist standard",
            "9‑inch portrait touchscreen (Sensus) with navigation",
            "18‑inch alloy wheels",
            "Power front seats with memory",
            "Dual‑zone climate control and rear parking sensors"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMkFDRocqjE",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "S90 T5 FWD Inscription",
          "description": "The T5 Inscription uses the same 2.0L turbocharged I4 (≈250 hp / 258 lb‑ft) and 8‑speed automatic but adds the Inscription luxury treatment — leather upholstery, upgraded trim and available larger wheels/lighting. Inscription features called out at launch include LED \"Thor's Hammer\" headlights, heated and ventilated front seats, and an available 12.3‑inch digital instrument display. Starting MSRP at launch was listed at $50,645.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "S90 T5 FWD Inscription",
              "msrp": "$50,645",
              "difference": "Inscription luxury trim (FWD); +$2,700 vs T5 Momentum."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo I4",
          "power": "250 hp / 258 lb-ft",
          "drive": "FWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "23/34 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Nappa leather and upgraded interior trim",
            "LED \"Thor's Hammer\" headlights",
            "Heated and ventilated front seats",
            "Available 12.3‑inch digital instrument cluster",
            "19‑inch wheel options"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ne8xTH8i2qk",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "S90 T6 AWD Momentum",
          "description": "The S90 T6 Momentum is the higher‑output gasoline model, using a 2.0L supercharged and turbocharged inline‑4 that produces about 316 hp and 295 lb‑ft, paired to an 8‑speed automatic and standard all‑wheel drive. The T6 adds stronger performance while keeping a largely similar feature set to the T5 Momentum; 2017 T6 Momentum MSRP was listed at $53,945.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "S90 T6 AWD Momentum",
              "msrp": "$53,945",
              "difference": "Base T6 variant (AWD; higher‑output engine)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Supercharged + Turbo I4",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Standard all‑wheel drive on T6",
            "Stronger 316‑hp supercharged + turbocharged 2.0L four",
            "Available options include 360° camera, air suspension and premium Bowers & Wilkins audio",
            "Portrait 9‑inch touchscreen and advanced driver assists standard"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzX4wo4XTKs",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "S90 T6 AWD Inscription",
          "description": "The S90 T6 Inscription pairs the 316 hp T6 powertrain with the Inscription luxury specification: upgraded leather, trim and available technology/content such as a 12.3‑inch digital gauge display and premium audio. Launch MSRP for the T6 Inscription was listed at $56,445.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "S90 T6 AWD Inscription",
              "msrp": "$56,445",
              "difference": "Inscription luxury trim for the T6 (+$2,500 vs T6 Momentum)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Supercharged + Turbo I4",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Inscription luxury appointments and upgraded materials",
            "LED \"Thor's Hammer\" lighting and 19‑inch wheels available",
            "Premium audio and available air suspension options"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mB3g2qsADeA",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "S90 T8 Twin Engine (PHEV)",
          "description": "The S90 T8 Twin Engine is the plug‑in hybrid variant introduced early in the 2017 model year. It pairs the supercharged + turbo 2.0L four with an electric motor (rear‑mounted) to provide all‑wheel drive and a combined output of roughly 400 hp; it uses the same 8‑speed automatic. Pricing and full EPA MPGe ratings were announced later in the model year and are not fully verified here.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "S90 T8 Twin Engine",
              "msrp": "$72,395",
              "difference": "Plug‑in hybrid base variant (AWD); arrived early in 2017."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Supercharged + Turbo I4 + electric motor (PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp (combined)",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "58 MPGe",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Plug‑in hybrid drivetrain with a rear electric motor for AWD",
            "Combined output around 400 hp",
            "Introduced early in the 2017 model year alongside Momentum/Inscription offerings"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3saZga4p-Fw",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2018": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "T5 Momentum",
          "description": "The T5 Momentum is the base S90 trim powered by a 2.0‑liter turbocharged four‑cylinder making about 250 hp and 258 lb‑ft, paired with an 8‑speed automatic and FWD as standard. For 2018 the U.S. market adopted the S90 long‑wheelbase configuration; the Momentum trim bundles Volvo’s core safety tech and comfort features and starts at $49,095.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T5 Momentum",
              "msrp": "$49,095",
              "difference": "Base variant (FWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo I4",
          "power": "250 hp / 258 lb-ft",
          "drive": "FWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "24/34 mpg (FWD; 23/32 mpg with AWD)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.1 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "City Safety automatic emergency braking (pedestrian/cyclist detection)",
            "Pilot Assist semi-autonomous drive with adaptive cruise",
            "Thor’s Hammer LED daytime running lights",
            "9.0-inch center infotainment display; leather interior",
            "Panoramic moonroof (standard on many 2018 configurations)"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlM2MdMyag8",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "T6 Inscription",
          "description": "The T6 Inscription uses Volvo’s twin‑charged 2.0‑liter four (turbo + supercharger) producing about 316 hp and 295 lb‑ft, routed through an 8‑speed automatic with standard AWD and upscale Inscription equipment; the Inscription begins at $59,595 for 2018. The Inscription trim adds tailored dash/door panels and additional rear‑seat comfort options compared with the Momentum.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T6 Inscription",
              "msrp": "$59,595",
              "difference": "Base variant (AWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbocharged & Supercharged I4",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.1 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Twincharged 2.0L engine for strong midrange power",
            "Inscription interior trim: tailored dashboard and power rear sun curtains",
            "Pilot Assist and a broad suite of active safety features",
            "Available 20-inch wheel options and premium materials"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3aQh2-oZac",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 eAWD Momentum",
          "description": "The T8 eAWD Momentum is the plug‑in hybrid S90 that pairs the twin‑charged 2.0‑liter engine with electric drive for a combined system output of roughly 400 hp and 472 lb‑ft; the eAWD layout gives AWD via the electric motor(s). The T8 adds an electric‑only driving capability of about 21 miles and carried a starting MSRP of $64,645 for 2018 — 2018 marks the broader availability of the factory PHEV in the U.S. S90 line.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 eAWD Momentum",
              "msrp": "$64,645",
              "difference": "Base PHEV variant (eAWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbocharged & Supercharged I4 + electric motor(s)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD (eAWD)",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "26/33 mpg (gas); ~21-mile electric-only range",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.1 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Plug‑in hybrid powertrain with ~400 hp system output",
            "Electric‑only range ~21 miles (EPA-derived figures per contemporary reviews)",
            "eAWD configuration for improved traction",
            "Retains Volvo’s extensive active safety suite and luxury appointments"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2NP5M6X2ek",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 eAWD Inscription",
          "description": "The T8 eAWD Inscription pairs the same PHEV powertrain (roughly 400 hp total) with the Inscription’s higher‑trim luxury and convenience features; it started at $69,145 for 2018. The Inscription PHEV combines the upscale cabin upgrades (tailored dashboard, upper‑door trim, available ventilated seats and power rear sun curtains) with the T8 drivetrain.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 eAWD Inscription",
              "msrp": "$69,145",
              "difference": "Base Inscription PHEV variant (upmarket trim)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbocharged & Supercharged I4 + electric motor(s)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD (eAWD)",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "26/33 mpg (gas); ~21-mile electric-only range",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.1 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Inscription luxury appointments with PHEV performance",
            "~21-mile EV capability for short all‑electric trips",
            "High torque from combined electric and gasoline drive; advanced safety tech",
            "Power-operated rear sun curtains and upgraded interior materials"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pn5NUMp63Hg",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2019": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "T5 Momentum",
          "description": "Base S90 carrying Volvo's T5 turbocharged 2.0‑liter four‑cylinder powertrain in Momentum trim. Momentum is the entry grade and includes Volvo's Sensus infotainment, City Safety autonomous braking and a well‑appointed interior; the T5 Momentum was the more fuel‑efficient, lower‑output gasoline option for buyers prioritizing economy and value. 2019-line entry pricing started in the high‑$40k range for the Momentum grade.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T5 Momentum",
              "msrp": "$49,095",
              "difference": "Base variant (FWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo I4",
          "power": "250 hp",
          "drive": "FWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "23/32 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "6.8 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "14.0 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "9.0‑inch Sensus touchscreen with Apple CarPlay/Android Auto",
            "City Safety automatic emergency braking with pedestrian/cyclist detection",
            "Pilot Assist semi‑automated steering and adaptive cruise support",
            "Premium cloth/leather‑like upholstery in Momentum grade"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNHkVu78bcs",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": false,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T6 Inscription",
          "description": "Mid/upper S90 trim pairing the T6 powertrain (Volvo's turbocharged+supercharged 2.0‑liter four) with Inscription luxury equipment. Inscription emphasizes upgraded interior materials, larger wheels and premium audio; the T6 is the stronger gasoline engine choice and is typically equipped with AWD in U.S. spec Inscription models.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T6 Inscription (AWD)",
              "msrp": "$56,445",
              "difference": "Base Inscription variant (AWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo + Supercharged I4",
          "power": "315 hp",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "21/30 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "5.9 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "14.0 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Inscription interior trim with upgraded leather and wood inlays",
            "Harman/Kardon premium audio (Inscription)",
            "Available Advance package with 360° camera, head‑up display and automated parking",
            "Comprehensive Volvo safety suite including lane‑keeping and blind‑spot assist"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJJa1WX0CtI",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": false,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 eAWD Inscription (PHEV)",
          "description": "Plug‑in hybrid top‑end S90 combining the 2.0L turbo/supercharged four with electric motors for a PHEV driveline. The T8 delivers substantially higher combined output and brisk acceleration while offering a short electric‑only commute range; Inscription PHEV models carry the same luxury and technology content as the gasoline Inscription grade.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 eAWD Inscription",
              "msrp": "$64,645",
              "difference": "Plug‑in hybrid Inscription variant (AWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo + Supercharged I4 + electric motor(s) (PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "69 MPGe",
          "zeroToSixty": "4.5 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "14.0 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Plug‑in hybrid driveline with short electric‑only range for commuting",
            "Approximately 400 hp combined output (T8 combined figure)",
            "Inscription luxury content including premium audio and upgraded trim",
            "Available Advance package with parking assist and 360° camera"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXmmHtOEI0Y",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2020": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "T6 Momentum",
          "description": "Entry-level Momentum trim for 2020 pairs the 2.0L turbocharged-and‑supercharged four with an 8‑speed automatic to produce 316 hp and 295 lb‑ft. After the T5 was discontinued, Momentum served as the mainstream T6 offering; starting MSRP was about $51,545.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T6 Momentum",
              "msrp": "$51,545",
              "difference": "Base variant (T6 powertrain)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Advanced Package",
              "msrp": "$54,395",
              "difference": "Adds active LED cornering headlights, 360° surround camera, power trunk and head‑up display (+$2,850)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Climate Package",
              "msrp": "$52,295",
              "difference": "Adds heated rear seats and heated steering wheel (+$750)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "21/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Standard Pilot Assist semi-autonomous driving assistance",
            "12.3-inch digital driver display",
            "Panoramic glass roof (standard)",
            "Leather upholstery and LED lighting"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19jCbJs2O4g",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T6 Inscription",
          "description": "Inscription is the more luxury‑oriented S90 trim; the T6 Inscription uses the 2.0L turbo/supercharged four and the same 8‑speed automatic and adds higher‑grade interior materials (Nappa leather, wood inlays) and comfort features. The T6 Inscription's new‑car MSRP was about $54,645 in 2020.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T6 Inscription",
              "msrp": "$54,645",
              "difference": "Base Inscription (T6)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Advanced Package",
              "msrp": "$57,495",
              "difference": "Adds active LED cornering headlights, 360° surround camera, power trunk and head‑up display (+$2,850)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Climate Package",
              "msrp": "$55,395",
              "difference": "Adds heated rear seats and heated steering wheel (+$750)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "21/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Nappa leather and walnut inlays",
            "Standard City Safety and Pilot Assist",
            "Spacious rear-seat legroom; comfortable touring focus",
            "Available Recharge (T8) PHEV on Inscription"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tB7yMqsLm_w",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": false,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T6 R-Design",
          "description": "R‑Design debuted for the S90 in 2020 as a sport‑styled addition to the lineup; the T6 R‑Design carries the 316‑hp T6 powertrain but features unique exterior trim, sport seats and chassis tuning. Starting MSRP matched other upper T6 models at about $54,645.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T6 R-Design",
              "msrp": "$54,645",
              "difference": "Base sporty R‑Design (T6)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Advanced Package",
              "msrp": "$57,495",
              "difference": "Adds active LED cornering headlights, 360° surround camera, power trunk and head‑up display (+$2,850)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Climate Package",
              "msrp": "$55,395",
              "difference": "Adds heated rear seats and heated steering wheel (+$750)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "21/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "R‑Design exterior grille, sport bumpers and black trim",
            "Sport‑contoured seats with Nubuck inserts",
            "19-inch alloy wheels and sport suspension tuning",
            "Available Harman Kardon premium audio"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlM2MdMyag8",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 Inscription (Recharge)",
          "description": "The T8 Recharge Inscription is Volvo's plug‑in hybrid (PHEV) flagship S90 for 2020: the 2.0L engine combined with front and rear electric motors yields a combined output of about 400 hp and 472 lb‑ft while the 2020 battery bump to ~11.6 kWh raised the electric range to roughly 21 miles. EPA figures (U.S.) were about 30 mpg (60 MPGe) combined, with an EV range near 21 miles; starting MSRP was about $64,195.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 Inscription (Recharge)",
              "msrp": "$64,195",
              "difference": "Base PHEV Inscription (Recharge)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Advanced Package",
              "msrp": "$67,045",
              "difference": "Adds active LED cornering headlights, 360° surround camera, power trunk and head‑up display (+$2,850)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Climate Package",
              "msrp": "$64,945",
              "difference": "Adds heated rear seats and heated steering wheel (+$750)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motors (PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "30 mpg / 60 MPGe; 21-mile electric range",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Recharge PHEV with ~21 miles electric range (2020 battery increase)",
            "Combined ~400 hp for strong performance",
            "Standard City Safety and Pilot Assist",
            "Luxury Inscription trim with Nappa leather and wood inlays"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHIi4N_jr5c",
          "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/2020_Volvo_S90_Recharge_T8_AWD_Inscription.jpg",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 R-Design (Recharge)",
          "description": "The T8 R‑Design Recharge pairs the sport styling of the R‑Design with the 400‑hp plug‑in hybrid hardware. The T8 R‑Design was offered in 2020 with a starting MSRP around $64,195 and brings the Recharge performance plus R‑Design visual and chassis upgrades.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 R-Design (Recharge)",
              "msrp": "$64,195",
              "difference": "Base PHEV R‑Design (Recharge)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Advanced Package",
              "msrp": "$67,045",
              "difference": "Adds active LED cornering headlights, 360° surround camera, power trunk and head‑up display (+$2,850)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Climate Package",
              "msrp": "$64,945",
              "difference": "Adds heated rear seats and heated steering wheel (+$750)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motors (PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "30 mpg / 60 MPGe; 21-mile electric range",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "R‑Design sport styling combined with Recharge PHEV power",
            "400 hp combined output with eAWD layout",
            "Sport seats and R‑Design interior trim",
            "Available Harman Kardon premium audio"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=315SnAJPJ-g",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2021": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "Momentum",
          "description": "Base trim for 2021, the Momentum comes standard with Volvo’s T6 2.0‑liter turbo‑ and supercharged four‑cylinder (316 hp) paired to an eight‑speed automatic and all‑wheel drive. The 2021 model received a light refresh to the nose and tail and gained more standard equipment compared with prior years; the Momentum emphasizes comfort and technology for the money and was the entry point in the U.S. lineup. Starting MSRP: $52,595.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "Momentum",
              "msrp": "$52,595",
              "difference": "Base variant (T6, AWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "21/32 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "112 mph",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS for models built after Sep 2020); Good in all IIHS crashworthiness tests (headlight rating varies by build date).",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Pilot Assist semi‑automated driving aid and City Safety active‑safety system.",
            "Adaptive LED headlights and panoramic sunroof (2021: adaptive headlights standard on many models).",
            "12.3‑inch digital driver display, 9‑inch center touchscreen, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, and wireless device charging.",
            "Leather upholstery and power‑adjustable heated front seats; large rear‑seat legroom for the segment."
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wa_F6ANU0o8",
          "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/00_volvo_s90_1.jpg",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "R-Design",
          "description": "Sport‑oriented R‑Design adds visual and chassis upgrades over Momentum plus upgraded seats and trim; comes standard with the T6 316‑hp powertrain and AWD, with an available Recharge plug‑in hybrid (marketed as a T8/Recharge) for more power. R‑Design emphasizes a firmer ride and sport styling cues for buyers seeking a more dynamic look and feel. Starting MSRP (T6): $55,695.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "R-Design",
              "msrp": "$55,695",
              "difference": "Base variant (T6, AWD)."
            },
            {
              "name": "R-Design Recharge",
              "msrp": "$61,095",
              "difference": "Plug‑in hybrid option (+$5,400 vs base R‑Design); combined power ≈400 hp."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (T6) / 2.0L I4 + electric motor (Recharge PHEV)",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft (T6); 400 hp / 472 lb-ft combined (Recharge)",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "21/32 mpg (T6); 60 MPGe (Recharge)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "112 mph",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS for models built after Sep 2020); Good in all IIHS crashworthiness tests (headlight rating varies by build date).",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "R‑Design exterior and interior styling (sport grille, unique bumpers); 19‑inch wheels on many builds.",
            "Harman Kardon audio available; quad‑zone climate control and sport seats with Nappa leather/Nubuck.",
            "Available Recharge plug‑in hybrid delivers stronger acceleration and an electric driving mode (~21 miles EV range reported in some sources)."
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-8c1FDRoOY",
          "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Volvo_S90_T8_%28SPA%29_Facelift_IMG_5691.jpg",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "Inscription",
          "description": "Inscription is the luxury‑focused trim with higher‑grade upholstery, wood inlays, and extra comfort features. It comes standard with the T6 316‑hp four‑cylinder (AWD) and is also available with the Recharge plug‑in hybrid for buyers wanting higher combined output and short EV commuting range. The Inscription prioritizes interior refinement and rear‑seat comfort. Starting MSRP (T6): $55,695.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "Inscription",
              "msrp": "$55,695",
              "difference": "Base variant (T6, AWD)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Inscription Recharge",
              "msrp": "$61,095",
              "difference": "Plug‑in hybrid option (+$5,400 vs base Inscription); combined power ≈400 hp."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (T6) / 2.0L I4 + electric motor (Recharge PHEV)",
          "power": "316 hp / 295 lb-ft (T6); 400 hp / 472 lb-ft combined (Recharge)",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "21/32 mpg (T6); 60 MPGe (Recharge)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "112 mph",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS for models built after Sep 2020); Good in all IIHS crashworthiness tests (headlight rating varies by build date).",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Nappa leather and real‑wood trim (walnut inlays) with ventilated/available massaging front seats.",
            "Inscription styling and extra comfort features such as available heated/ventilated rear seats and power‑adjustable bolsters.",
            "Available Recharge PHEV for stronger acceleration and short all‑electric driving; Pilot Assist and a broad suite of active safety tech are standard."
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT7wnf7Wahk",
          "image": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/00_volvo_s90_2.jpg",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2022": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "B6 Momentum",
          "description": "B6 Momentum is the base 2022 S90 offering and introduces Volvo’s B6 mild‑hybrid 2.0‑liter four‑cylinder as the standard powertrain for the sedan. It replaces the previous T6/T5 base positioning, comes standard with AWD and an 8‑speed automatic, and carried a starting MSRP of $52,895.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 Momentum",
              "msrp": "$52,895",
              "difference": "Base variant (standard AWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (B6 mild‑hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp / 310 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "23/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Mild‑hybrid B6 powertrain for improved efficiency and low‑end torque",
            "Standard all‑wheel drive and smooth 8‑speed automatic",
            "Comprehensive active safety suite including blind‑spot information with steering assist and rear automatic braking",
            "Available adaptive air suspension and optional Lounge package for rear comfort"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=315SnAJPJ-g",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "B6 R-Design",
          "description": "The B6 R‑Design brings sport‑oriented styling cues and unique interior trim atop the same B6 mild‑hybrid 2.0‑liter powertrain. It adds R‑Design exterior and interior treatment, sport seats and related equipment; starting MSRP was listed at $55,995.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 R-Design",
              "msrp": "$55,995",
              "difference": "Base variant (sport appearance and R‑Design trim)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (B6 mild‑hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp / 310 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "23/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "R‑Design sport appearance package and unique interior trim",
            "Same B6 mild‑hybrid performance and AWD as Momentum",
            "Available adaptive air suspension and premium audio options",
            "Full suite of Volvo active safety systems"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pub-v_3h3wY",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "B6 Inscription",
          "description": "The B6 Inscription is the luxury‑oriented B6 trim with Inscription‑specific styling and upgraded interior materials (Nappa leather and other luxury touches). It shares the B6 2.0‑liter mild‑hybrid powertrain, standard AWD and an 8‑speed automatic; 2022 starting MSRP was $55,995.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 Inscription",
              "msrp": "$55,995",
              "difference": "Base variant (luxury‑focused Inscription appointments)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (B6 mild‑hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp / 310 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "23/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Inscription luxury trim with perforated Nappa leather and upgraded finishes",
            "Ventilated front seats and available Lounge package for rear occupants",
            "Standard AWD and advanced safety systems",
            "Available Harman Kardon or optional premium audio"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ce55uOVJa0",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 Inscription Recharge Plug-In Hybrid",
          "description": "T8 Inscription Recharge is the plug‑in hybrid (Recharge) variant pairing the turbo/supercharged 2.0‑liter engine with an electric motor for combined output and an electric‑only driving mode. The T8 Recharge produces about 400 hp combined and 472 lb‑ft, offers roughly 21 miles of EV range and carried a 2022 starting MSRP of $61,095.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 Inscription Recharge Plug-In Hybrid",
              "msrp": "$61,095",
              "difference": "Base PHEV (Recharge) variant."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motor (T8 PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "30 mpg / 63 MPGe (21 mi EV range)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "400 hp combined system output and strong torque (PHEV performance)",
            "Approximately 21 miles of electric‑only range and 63 MPGe rating",
            "Standard AWD with Volvo’s active safety suite",
            "Luxury Inscription appointments available including premium audio and Lounge options"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azpd0t_6r8o",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 R-Design Recharge Plug-In Hybrid",
          "description": "T8 R‑Design Recharge brings the Recharge PHEV powertrain together with R‑Design’s sportier styling and chassis tuning. It uses the same T8 PHEV hardware (≈400 hp / 472 lb‑ft) and had a 2022 starting MSRP of $61,095 for the R‑Design Recharge configuration.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 R-Design Recharge Plug-In Hybrid",
              "msrp": "$61,095",
              "difference": "Base PHEV R‑Design variant (sport styling)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motor (T8 PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "30 mpg / 63 MPGe (21 mi EV range)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "R‑Design exterior and interior cues with PHEV performance",
            "Same Recharge PHEV powertrain and EV capability",
            "Available adaptive air suspension and premium packages",
            "Full complement of Volvo active safety technologies"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxybn4FB-tU",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 Inscription Recharge Extended Range Plug-In Hybrid",
          "description": "This Extended‑Range Recharge variant is an available T8 Inscription packaging that carried a higher MSRP and was marketed as an extended‑range plug‑in option for the S90 in 2022. KBB lists the Extended Range Inscription as a distinct 2022 style with a starting MSRP of $63,095.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 Inscription Recharge Extended Range Plug-In Hybrid",
              "msrp": "$63,095",
              "difference": "Base Extended‑Range PHEV variant (+$2,000 vs T8 Inscription Recharge)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motor (T8 PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "30 mpg / 63 MPGe (21 mi EV range)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Extended‑range Recharge packaging for greater electric capability (marketed as higher‑spec PHEV)",
            "Luxury Inscription trim appointments and available premium audio/Lounge packages",
            "Standard AWD and Volvo active safety features"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvcHfxFjUgk",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 R-Design Recharge Extended Range Plug-In Hybrid",
          "description": "The T8 R‑Design Recharge Extended Range pairs the R‑Design appearance package with the higher‑priced Extended‑Range Recharge hardware; KBB lists a 2022 MSRP of $63,095 for this style. It aims to combine sport styling with the extended PHEV capability.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 R-Design Recharge Extended Range Plug-In Hybrid",
              "msrp": "$63,095",
              "difference": "Base Extended‑Range PHEV R‑Design variant (+$2,000 vs T8 R‑Design Recharge)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motor (T8 PHEV)",
          "power": "400 hp / 472 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "30 mpg / 63 MPGe (21 mi EV range)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "15.4 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "R‑Design sport styling combined with Extended‑Range Recharge hardware",
            "Maintains PHEV performance figures with added electric capability per Volvo/KBB listings",
            "Standard AWD and Volvo’s safety and comfort equipment"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFe5h59iNQ0",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2023": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "B6 Plus",
          "description": "Entry-level U.S. S90 for 2023 with Volvo's B6 electrified gasoline powertrain. The B6 uses a 2.0‑liter turbocharged + supercharged inline‑4 with a mild‑hybrid system; for 2023 Volvo emphasized electrified offerings in the U.S. Starting MSRP when new: $58,045.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 Plus",
              "msrp": "$58,045",
              "difference": "Base variant."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbocharged and supercharged I4 (mild‑hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/30 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Mild‑hybrid 2.0L twin‑charged four‑cylinder (B6)",
            "Google‑based infotainment / Android Auto & Apple CarPlay support",
            "Volvo Pilot Assist advanced driver assistance",
            "Available Harman Kardon premium audio on higher trims"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNBN9QBdDF0",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "B6 Ultimate",
          "description": "Higher‑trim mild‑hybrid S90 with upgraded interior materials and features. Shares the B6 2.0‑liter twin‑charged mild‑hybrid powertrain but adds luxury options such as upgraded leather, larger audio systems and available adaptive air suspension. Starting MSRP when new: $63,595.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 Ultimate",
              "msrp": "$63,595",
              "difference": "Base variant (higher equipment level vs Plus)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbocharged and supercharged I4 (mild‑hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/30 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Nappa leather and upgraded interior on Ultimate",
            "Adaptive air suspension available on Ultimate",
            "Harman Kardon standard/available; Bowers & Wilkins available as an option",
            "Pilot Assist and comprehensive safety suite"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0rEBtLWls",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 Recharge Ultimate (Plug-In Hybrid)",
          "description": "Top-line plug‑in hybrid S90 in 2023 combining a 2.0‑liter petrol I4 with electric motor(s) for substantially higher combined output and an EV‑capable driving mode; Volvo quoted an electric range figure for Recharge models. The T8 Recharge Ultimate carried a higher content level and a starting MSRP when new of $71,545.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 Recharge Ultimate (Plug-In Hybrid)",
              "msrp": "$71,545",
              "difference": "Base PHEV variant (higher output and EV capability vs B6 trims)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbocharged I4 + electric motor(s) (plug‑in hybrid)",
          "power": "455 hp",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "61 MPGe",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Top Safety Pick+ (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Plug‑in hybrid (T8 Recharge) with high combined output",
            "Manufacturer‑quoted electric range up to ~38 miles on a full charge (market/trim dependent)",
            "High‑end Ultimate equipment: adaptive air suspension, premium audio options (Bowers & Wilkins)",
            "Strong safety and driver assistance feature set"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdJ-cupOMQw",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2024": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "B6 Plus",
          "description": "B6 Plus is the entry-level luxury grade for the 2024 S90, powered by Volvo’s mild‑hybrid 2.0‑liter four‑cylinder with both turbo- and supercharging. It emphasizes comfort and value while retaining Volvo’s standard active safety suite and AWD drivetrain. Original MSRP: $58,795.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 Plus",
              "msrp": "$58,795",
              "difference": "Base Plus trim (mild‑hybrid B6 powertrain)."
            },
            {
              "name": "B6 Plus Bright Theme",
              "msrp": "~$62,350",
              "difference": "Appearance/theme package available on Plus; includes different interior/trim finishes."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (mild hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/31 mpg (city/highway); 25 mpg combined",
          "zeroToSixty": "6.2 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Mild‑hybrid 2.0L four‑cylinder (B6) with turbo + supercharger",
            "Standard all‑wheel drive and 8‑speed automatic",
            "Comfort‑focused suspension and premium interior materials"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlD0ch0F-4w",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": false,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "B6 Ultimate",
          "description": "B6 Ultimate is the more lavishly equipped S90 grade, adding premium upholstery, available air suspension and upgraded audio and convenience features while using the same B6 mild‑hybrid powertrain as the Plus. Original MSRP: $64,345.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 Ultimate",
              "msrp": "$64,345",
              "difference": "Base Ultimate trim with upgraded features and options."
            },
            {
              "name": "Ultimate with Lounge Package",
              "msrp": "~$68,200",
              "difference": "Optional Lounge/comfort package for Ultimate (rear ventilation/massage, upgraded rear amenities)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (mild hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/31 mpg (city/highway); 25 mpg combined",
          "zeroToSixty": "6.2 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Upgraded interior materials and available air suspension",
            "Available premium audio (Harman Kardon / Bowers & Wilkins on higher spec)",
            "Advanced driver assistance with Pilot Assist"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i52I8EvCnw",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": false,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 Recharge Plus",
          "description": "T8 Recharge Plus is the plug‑in hybrid variant of the Plus grade introduced for 2024 in the U.S.; it pairs a 2.0‑liter four‑cylinder with electric motor(s) to provide short electric‑only range plus substantially higher combined output. The Recharge Plus brings PHEV capability to the entry-level Plus equipment package. Original MSRP: $66,745.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 Recharge Plus",
              "msrp": "$66,745",
              "difference": "Base T8 Recharge Plus (plug‑in hybrid; EV driving capability)."
            },
            {
              "name": "Recharge Plus Bright Theme",
              "msrp": "~$70,750",
              "difference": "Appearance/theme package available on Recharge Plus."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motor(s) (plug‑in hybrid)",
          "power": "455 hp (combined)",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "38 mi electric range; 30 mpg (combined, gas when battery depleted)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Plug‑in hybrid Recharge drivetrain with ~38 miles EV range (manufacturer estimate)",
            "Higher combined power and torque versus B6 mild‑hybrid variants",
            "Commonly equipped with AWD and higher standard equipment levels"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvQO5l-kqqw",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 Recharge Ultimate",
          "description": "T8 Recharge Ultimate is the range‑topping S90 with plug‑in hybrid power, the most luxurious interior appointment levels, and available high‑end audio and relaxation options. It uses the same T8 PHEV powertrain as the Plus Recharge variant but with Ultimate equipment. Original MSRP: $72,295.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 Recharge Ultimate",
              "msrp": "$72,295",
              "difference": "Range‑topping Recharge Ultimate with premium features."
            },
            {
              "name": "Ultimate with Bowers & Wilkins",
              "msrp": "~$76,650",
              "difference": "Optional Bowers & Wilkins premium audio and related equipment."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 + electric motor(s) (plug‑in hybrid)",
          "power": "455 hp (combined)",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "38 mi electric range; 30 mpg (combined, gas when battery depleted)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Top-tier Recharge PHEV performance and luxury equipment",
            "Available adaptive air suspension and massaging seats",
            "Premium audio and advanced comfort packages available"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyzlchJx9oA",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2025": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "B6 AWD",
          "description": "Base S90 powertrain for 2025: a 2.0L turbocharged inline‑4 paired with a 48‑volt mild‑hybrid system. This carryover powertrain provides strong low‑end response and the best fuel economy in the S90 lineup; for 2025 it remained the primary/entry electrified option. Starting price sits at the lower end of the S90 2025 range.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 AWD",
              "msrp": "~$60,000",
              "difference": "Base variant (AWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo I4 (48V mild-hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp / 310 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "26/23/31 mpg (combined/city/highway)",
          "zeroToSixty": "6.4 s",
          "topSpeed": "113 mph",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS) — front crash prevention: Advanced; Headlights: A",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "14 cu ft",
          "airbags": "",
          "highlights": [
            "295‑hp 2.0L turbo inline‑4 with 48V mild‑hybrid assistance (B6)",
            "Scandinavian‑styled, high‑quality interior and roomy rear seating",
            "9.0‑inch Android‑based infotainment with Apple CarPlay",
            "Standard automated emergency braking, lane‑keeping assist and adaptive cruise control",
            "Available adaptive air suspension and premium audio on higher trims"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E07NY9nPUrs",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 AWD",
          "description": "Plug‑in hybrid (formerly marketed as \"Recharge\") renamed T8 AWD for 2025. The T8 pairs a turbocharged 2.0L four with electric drive to provide the quickest acceleration and short all‑electric range in the S90 line; it occupies the top end of the 2025 price and performance ladder.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 AWD",
              "msrp": "~$60,000",
              "difference": "Base variant (PHEV/AWD)."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L Turbo I4 + electric motors (plug-in hybrid)",
          "power": "",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "66 MPGe (combined, PHEV, EPA reported high end)",
          "zeroToSixty": "",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS) — front crash prevention: Advanced; Headlights: A",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "14 cu ft",
          "airbags": "",
          "highlights": [
            "Plug‑in hybrid powertrain with EV‑capable driving and strong acceleration",
            "EPA combined MPGe in the mid‑60s in testing",
            "Same high‑quality interior and Volvo safety suite as the B6 models",
            "Renamed from “Recharge” to “T8” for 2025 U.S. marketing"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0e3OTrh0OE",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "2026": {
      "trims": [
        {
          "name": "B6 AWD Plus",
          "description": "The B6 AWD Plus pairs Volvo's B6 2.0L turbocharged and supercharged inline‑4 with mild‑hybrid assistance and standard all‑wheel drive for a balance of performance and efficiency. Carries over largely unchanged from previous model years; MotorTrend listed a starting MSRP of $59,495 (2025 figure).",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 AWD Plus",
              "msrp": "$59,495",
              "difference": "Base variant."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (mild-hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp / 310 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "6.2 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "B6 2.0L turbo/supercharged mild-hybrid producing ~295 hp",
            "Comprehensive active-safety suite standard (AEB, adaptive cruise, blind-spot monitoring, rear cross-traffic alert)",
            "9.0-inch infotainment touchscreen and 12.0-inch digital instrument cluster",
            "Spacious rear legroom; 13.5 cu ft trunk"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5BCnoNElgw",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "B6 AWD Ultra",
          "description": "The B6 AWD Ultra uses the same B6 2.0L turbo/supercharged mild-hybrid powertrain as the Plus but adds upscale interior and convenience features. MotorTrend listed a starting MSRP of $65,095 for the Ultra in 2025.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "B6 AWD Ultra",
              "msrp": "$65,095",
              "difference": "Upgraded luxury trim vs Plus; approx. +$5,600."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged & supercharged I4 (mild-hybrid)",
          "power": "295 hp / 310 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "22/31 mpg",
          "zeroToSixty": "6.2 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Ventilated Nappa-leather front seats, head-up display and tailored interior trim",
            "Harman Kardon 14-speaker audio (Ultra equipment)",
            "20-inch wheels and Orrefors crystal gear shifter (marketed Ultra features)",
            "All-wheel drive and standard active-safety tech"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKoQCb3Wn4E",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 AWD Plus",
          "description": "The T8 AWD Plus is the plug-in hybrid (Recharge) variant pairing a 2.0L turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor for e‑AWD; combined output is about 455 hp and strong torque for brisk acceleration. EPA-equivalent economy was last rated at ~66 MPGe with an electric-only range around 38 miles; MotorTrend listed a starting MSRP of $66,845 (2025 figure).",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 AWD Plus",
              "msrp": "$66,845",
              "difference": "Base plug-in-hybrid variant."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged I4 + rear electric motor (plug-in hybrid)",
          "power": "455 hp / 523 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "66 MPGe (38 mi EV range; ~520 mi total)",
          "zeroToSixty": "4.6 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "Plug-in hybrid powertrain with roughly 455 hp and ~38 miles all-electric range",
            "Rated ~66 MPGe (EPA test results carried from prior model years)",
            "All-wheel drive via rear electric motor; rapid 0–60 mph in ~4.6 s",
            "Standard advanced-safety features and upscale cabin amenities on Plus trim"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYjRaLs6NAw",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        },
        {
          "name": "T8 AWD Ultra",
          "description": "T8 AWD Ultra pairs the T8 plug-in hybrid drivetrain with the Ultra equipment pack for a high-performance, luxury setup; MotorTrend listed the Ultra PHEV starting at $72,395 in 2025. The trim combines the PHEV's electric range with premium interior appointments.",
          "packages": [
            {
              "name": "T8 AWD Ultra",
              "msrp": "$72,395",
              "difference": "Top-spec plug-in-hybrid trim; approx. +$5,550 vs Plus."
            }
          ],
          "engine": "2.0L turbocharged I4 + rear electric motor (plug-in hybrid)",
          "power": "455 hp / 523 lb-ft",
          "drive": "AWD",
          "transmission": "8-speed automatic",
          "economy": "66 MPGe (38 mi EV range; ~520 mi total)",
          "zeroToSixty": "4.6 s",
          "topSpeed": "",
          "safetyRating": "Good (IIHS)",
          "seats": "5",
          "cargo": "13.5 cu ft",
          "airbags": "8 airbags",
          "highlights": [
            "High-output T8 plug-in hybrid with premium Ultra equipment",
            "Ventilated Nappa-leather seating, Harman Kardon audio, and head-up display on Ultra trim",
            "~38 miles electric range and strong combined power for quick acceleration",
            "Comprehensive active-safety suite standard"
          ],
          "video": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgw94C35ta0",
          "image": "",
          "isFirstModelYearForModule": true,
          "isLastModelYearForModule": false
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
